Archive for the ‘Networking Basics’ Category

Cheap NAS Server

Thursday, March 10th, 2011
NAS servers are a great way to store information a network. They work great for office and home use. NAS devices provide many benefits. Small offices can use them for work collaboration and file sharing in general. Decent NAS devices can hold up several hard drives and operate in different modes. You can install multiple hard drives and enjoy the full capacity, or you can install them to work in RAID 1 and even RAID 5. In this way you will have a copy of your data to one or more hard drives. When one goes down, the others continue to work and no data is lost. That is extremely useful to small office environments, web & graphic design agencies and small business in general. 

Enthusiasts running a NAS server at home, usually have them for multimedia purposes. They truly are a great way to share information on a home network. Home use is generally more concerned with space, rather than backup and security. A decent Netgear device currently costs just a little under 250$. It is a good finish to your home network, but then again do you really need one?

If you want to try out some basic NAS experience before you go for the expensive solution, you can try NAS adapters. You can currently find cheap ones on Amazon for around 45-60$. You can connect it to your network and plug in a large USB stick or USB HDD. If you have an external drive lying around, try it out. If you are about to buy one, you can get 1TB of external storage for about 70-80$. Setting up Network Attached Storage can cost you half of what you will pay and the storage space is the same. If scalability is not a problem for you, you will get your very own 1TB of network storage for around 120$.

If you have some old desktop PC or a laptop, you can make a NAS server out of it too. It will probably have less space, but you will be able to run other services and enjoy enhanced capabilities.

Tiny Linux Server

Thursday, July 15th, 2010

Linux is everywhere, sometimes even at places you might not even expect to find it. One device worthy of attention is the SheevaPlug – one of the so-called “Plug Computers”. Why the name? Well it is quite obvious if you refer to the image below.

This unique little device does not consume more electricity than the average night light, nevertheless, it is a versatile little computer able to meet the expectations one would usually have from a formidably larger PC. The main difference is that you get only arounf 5 watts of power consumption, compared to the 25-100W you will get from a regular home server.

It comes packed with Ubuntu (ARM build). The Plug Computer is based on the high-end 88F6281 version of the Kirkwood, with a Sheeva CPU core clocked to 1.2GHz. It also has a 512MB DRAM built in, along with another 512MB of non-volatile memory. When it comes to connectivity, you can easily link it to your local network via a gigabit Ethernet port. Further expansion is possible thanks to the USB 2.0 ports on it.

Its high end CPU lets you even use it as a regular desktop PC. There are various videos on youtube which can give you a better idea of how the SheevaPlug looks like and, more interestingly, how people use it. It is really a great little gadget with great potential and numerous ways to use it and integrate in your home or office.

We are yet to see how many new ideas will pop up to people willing to take this platform and create their own little gadget. A curious use of the concept for a tiny server, even in this case with a dedicated function is the Pogoplug. Its purpose is far more simple – take any external hard drive and link it to you network, becoming a fully functional network drive.

Next Generation Intel Atom

Thursday, July 8th, 2010

The N450, the latest in mobile processors form Intel. The Intel Atom N450 has one main advantage over the previous versions – the CUP and GPU are snapped in together, resulting in only one chip instead of two. What Intel refer to as “Lower thermal design point” is just a fancy way of saying your netbook will run cooler, enabling netbook manufacturers to completely remove the fan from their products. With the option of having the fan removed and overall power consumption reduced, the CPU is a prerequisite for thinner designs and longer battery life.

Intel has also released 2 CPUs for entry level, low power consumption desktop PCs. The Atom D410 is the single core version and the Atom D510 is its bigger dual core brother. With both CPUs running cooler we are soon to expect a fully capable desktop PC, less than two liters in size. Intel Atom CPUs are already capable of fulfilling a lot of tasks other and more powerful CPUs usually handle. One fine example is DVD to DivX video conversion. A dual core Atom can convert a movie with nearly real-time speed, while consuming far less power than a conventional CPU would.

With netbooks and entry desktop PCs covers we can move on to servers and even data center units. With low power consumption and processors getting more powerful and cheaper, it is only a matter of time before server clusters become cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Microsoft are already taking the first steps and others are soon to follow.

Servers based on new Intel Atom CPUs might end up consuming several times less power than current servers. When idle Intel Atom CPUs consume only about 3-4 watts, compared to 55-100 watts for a lot of today’s server units. We will all benefit from this. In the long run we are about to witness cheaper online storage, improved performance and lower carbon footprint.

Time to Live (TTL)

Thursday, June 24th, 2010

We might have mentioned TTL in some of the previous posts related to Ping and Traceroute. TTL, or Time To Live is the transmission limit of a given data unit in a TCP/IP or UDP based computer network.

A data packet with a TTL value of 64 will cease to exist if it hasn’t reach its end target in 64 iterations. The purpose of the TTL field is to avoid a situation in which an undeliverable datagram keeps circulating on an Internet system, a system that will eventually become swamped by such immortal datagrams.

Operation systems have different default TTL values. A detailed list of default TTL values for various operation systems can be found on binbert.com. Highest transmission counts of up to 40 can be observed nowadays. Initial TCP and UDP TTL for popular operating systems are usually set to at least 60 iterations.

The abbreviation “TTL” is sometimes used by people who are into OS tweaks and in this context it stands for “Time To Load”. This alternative abbreviation of TTL should not be associated with timer values included in packets sent over TCP/IP-based networks.

To learn how a TTL values are used in a computer network please try this interactive simulation. It will help you visualize the path a data packet takes to reach its destination and return to the initial host.

Click here for Ping Example

We hope this interactive TTL presentation helped you to better understand the process behind the words.

Server Virtualization Is Growing

Wednesday, June 2nd, 2010

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers” is a famous misquote of Thomas J. Watson. The same Tom Watson, who took Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation and turned into what is today known as IBM. In essence, whoever said that the world will only need 5 computers wasn’t totally wrong. Virtualization was first implemented in 1960 to aid better  utilization of large mainframe hardware. 50 years later, it has grown to be part of all Fortune 100 success stories.

Lately, “fake servers” became a slightly satiric way to say “virtual servers”. Why? Mainly because they are gaining a larger market share. Large enterprises were quick to adopt the virtual machines approach, while small business started late. However, by year-end 2010, enterprises with 100 to 999 employees will have a higher penetration of virtual machines deployed than the Global 500. For long years, small businesses could not afford even the entry level products, and this is what changed lately. Increased competition by server vendors has made server virtualization technology affordable to smaller companies.

Server virtualization is growing faster among smaller firms and it is only normal, having in mind that large corporations and international companies have been using the technology for over two decades. Smaller businesses are a developing niche. The current installed base of physical servers, across all architectures, is reckoned to be somewhere around 30 million machines. With server virtualization spearheading through server trade it is expected the overall spread of virtual and logical machines will reach nearly 60 million in only 3 years time.